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    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">I rarely do this for homework problems,
      but since you seem to really be struggling with this, here is how
      I worked it...</div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
    </div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><math
        xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi
                mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mi>r</mi></msub><msup><mi>S</mi><mo>∘</mo></msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>T</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><msub><mi
                mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mi>r</mi></msub><msup><mi>S</mi><mo>∘</mo></msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>T</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>+</mo><msubsup><mo>∫</mo><msub><mi>T</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msub><mi>T</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></msubsup><msub><mi
                mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mi>r</mi></msub><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>p</mi></msub><mfrac><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>T</mi></mrow><mi>T</mi></mfrac></mrow><annotation
            encoding="TeX">\Delta_rS^{\circ}\left(T_2\right) =
            \Delta_rS^{\circ}\left(T_1\right) + \int_{T_1}^{T_2}
            \Delta_rC_p\frac{dT}{T}</annotation></semantics></math><br>
    </div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">remembering that <br>
    </div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
    </div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><math display="block"
        xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi
                mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mi>r</mi></msub><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>p</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mover><mo>∑</mo><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>R</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>D</mi></mrow></mover><mi>n</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>p</mi><mo>−</mo><mover><mo>∑</mo><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>E</mi><mi>A</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>T</mi></mrow></mover><mi>n</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></semantics></math></div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix" align="left"><math display="block"
        xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi><br>
            </mi></mrow></semantics></math></div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><math display="block"
        xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi></mi><mi></mi></mrow><annotation
            encoding="TeX">\Delta_rC_p = \sum^{PROD}n Cp - \sum^{REACT}n
          </annotation></semantics></math>Now, rearranging...</div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
    </div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><math display="block"
        xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi
                mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mi>r</mi></msub><msup><mi>S</mi><mo>∘</mo></msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>T</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><msub><mi
                mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mi>r</mi></msub><msup><mi>S</mi><mo>∘</mo></msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>T</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>+</mo><mrow><mo>[</mo><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>p</mi></msub><mo
                  stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>O</mi><mo
                  stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>p</mi></msub><mo
                  stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo
                  stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>−</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>p</mi></msub><mo
                  stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo
                  stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><mo>]</mo></mrow><msubsup><mo>∫</mo><msub><mi>T</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msub><mi>T</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></msubsup><mfrac><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>T</mi></mrow><mi>T</mi></mfrac></mrow><annotation
            encoding="TeX">\Delta_rS^{\circ}\left(T_2\right) =
            \Delta_rS^{\circ}\left(T_1\right) + \left[C_p(H_2O) -
            C_p(H_2) - \frac{1}{2} C_p(O_2)\right] \int_{T_1}^{T_2}
            \frac{dT}{T}</annotation></semantics></math></div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
    </div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">and integrating...<br>
    </div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
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    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">
      <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><math display="block"
          xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi
                  mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mi>r</mi></msub><msup><mi>S</mi><mo>∘</mo></msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>T</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><msub><mi
                  mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mi>r</mi></msub><msup><mi>S</mi><mo>∘</mo></msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>T</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>+</mo><mrow><mo>[</mo><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>p</mi></msub><mo
                    stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>O</mi><mo
                    stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>p</mi></msub><mo
                    stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo
                    stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>−</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>p</mi></msub><mo
                    stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo
                    stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><mo>]</mo></mrow><mo
                lspace="0em" rspace="0em">ln</mo><mfrac><msub><mi>T</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>T</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mfrac></mrow><annotation
              encoding="TeX">\Delta_rS^{\circ}\left(T_2\right) =
              \Delta_rS^{\circ}\left(T_1\right) + \left[C_p(H_2O) -
              C_p(H_2) - \frac{1}{2} C_p(O_2)\right] \ln\frac{T_2}{T_1}</annotation></semantics></math></div>
      <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Now substituting terms...</div>
      <br>
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    <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
    </div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><math display="block"
        xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi
                mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mi>r</mi></msub><msup><mi>S</mi><mo>∘</mo></msup><mo
              stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>323</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>44.49</mn><mo>+</mo><mrow><mo>[</mo><mrow><mn>36.5</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>28.8</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>29.4</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow><mo>]</mo></mrow><mo
              lspace="0em" rspace="0em">ln</mo><mfrac><mn>323</mn><mn>298</mn></mfrac></mrow><annotation
            encoding="TeX">\Delta_rS^{\circ}(323) = -44.49 + \left[ 36.5
            - 28.8 - 29.4/2\right] \ln\frac{323}{298}</annotation></semantics></math>Answer:
      -45.05<br>
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    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 1/26/22 14:05, wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:910dd9719fc944f5a915731d40b80af3@SA1PR01MB6528.prod.exchangelabs.com">
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        Dr. Pounds,</div>
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        I worked the problem again using two calculators making sure
        that the results of the intermediate steps are visible. Despite
        this, I'm still ending up with -43.9 J/(mol*K) - (please see
        attached picture).</div>
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        font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
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          Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br>
        </span></div>
      <div style="font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
        font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
        <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, Arial,
          Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Since the Mastering
          HW 3 is due Feb. 1<span><sup>st</sup> at midnight, when might
            be a good time to stop by your office later this week or
            Monday/Tuesday next week to review where I went wrong with
            this problem?</span></span><br>
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        font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
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          Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span><br>
          </span></span></div>
      <div style="font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
        font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
        <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, Arial,
          Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span>Thank you,
            <div><br>
            </div>
          </span></span></div>
      <hr style="display:inline-block;width:98%" tabindex="-1">
      <div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font style="font-size:11pt"
          face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> Andrew
          J. Pounds <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:pounds_aj@mercer.edu"><pounds_aj@mercer.edu></a><br>
          <b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, January 25, 2022 5:27 PM<br>
          <br>
          <b>Subject:</b> Re: CHM 311 HW #3 Questions</font>
        <div> </div>
      </div>
      <div>
        <div class="x_moz-cite-prefix">I just did the problem myself and
          got the answer found in Mastering.  Can you show me your
          intermediate results?<br>
        </div>
        <div class="x_moz-cite-prefix"><br>
        </div>
        <div class="x_moz-cite-prefix">It looks like you are setting up
          the problem correctly, but either through rounding or
          calculation error you final results are off.</div>
        <div class="x_moz-cite-prefix"><br>
        </div>
        <div class="x_moz-cite-prefix"><br>
        </div>
        <div class="x_moz-cite-prefix"><br>
        </div>
        <blockquote type="cite">
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            Dr. Pounds,</div>
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            font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
            <br>
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          <div style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
            font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
            I double-checked my work in the previous image that I sent
            you (CHM 330 HW 3 Rev 3 - JM.JPG) and I used the following
            constant pressure specific heat capacities:</div>
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          <div style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
            font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
            29.39 J/(mol*K) for O<sub
              style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">2</sub> (per
            your instructions)</div>
          <div style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
            font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
            36.5 J/(mol*K) for H<sub>2</sub>O (given)</div>
          <div style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
            font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
            28.85 J/(mol*K) for H<sub>2</sub> (based on book values)</div>
          <div style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
            font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
            <br>
          </div>
          <div style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
            font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
            Using these constants results in a final answer for part 6b
            of -43.9 J/(mol*K).</div>
          <div style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
            font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
            <br>
          </div>
          <div style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
            font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
            The mistake I made on part 7b was forgetting to convert a
            number to kJ, but that conversion is not needed for part 6b.
            If the <span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255);
              display:inline!important">constant pressure specific heat
              capacities are correct, what else could be wrong? (I am
              reattaching revision 3 of my work for this problem for
              your convenience).</span></div>
          <div style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
            font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
            <span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255);
              display:inline!important"><br>
            </span></div>
          <div style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
            font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
            <span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255);
              display:inline!important">Thanks,</span></div>
          <div style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
            font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
            Jonathan</div>
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            font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
            <br>
          </div>
          <hr tabindex="-1" style="display:inline-block; width:98%">
          <div id="x_divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font
              style="font-size:11pt" face="Calibri, sans-serif"
              color="#000000"><b>From:</b> Andrew J. Pounds
              <a class="x_moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
                href="mailto:pounds_aj@mercer.edu"
                moz-do-not-send="true"><pounds_aj@mercer.edu></a><br>
              <b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, January 25, 2022 2:57 PM<br>
              <br>
              <b>Subject:</b> Re: CHM 311 HW #3 Questions</font>
            <div> </div>
          </div>
          <div>
            <div class="x_x_moz-cite-prefix">To get the correct values
              in Mastering you must use the constants supplied by the
              text.  What happens if you use the value that I provided
              in my last e-mail for oxygen. The values that you showed
              me for the other compounds looked good.<br>
            </div>
            <div class="x_x_moz-cite-prefix"><br>
            </div>
            <div class="x_x_moz-cite-prefix"><br>
            </div>
            <div class="x_x_moz-cite-prefix"><br>
            </div>
            Dr. Pounds,
            <blockquote type="cite">
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                style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
                font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
                <br>
              </div>
              <div
                style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
                font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
                I went ahead and verified that all three constant
                pressure specific heat capacities match those listed on
                NIST and with the new value you gave me. Substituting
                these values into the equation for 6b, I get -43.9
                J/(mol*K).</div>
              <div
                style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
                font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
                <br>
              </div>
              <div
                style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
                font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
                I think I'm close, but Mastering still rejects that
                answer. What should I do?</div>
              <div
                style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
                font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
                <br>
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              <div
                style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
                font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
                Thanks,
                <div><br>
                </div>
              </div>
              <div
                style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
                font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
                <br>
              </div>
              <div
                style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
                font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
                <br>
              </div>
              <div
                style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
                font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
                <br>
              </div>
              <div
                style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
                font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
                <br>
              </div>
              <hr tabindex="-1" style="display:inline-block; width:98%">
              <div id="x_x_divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font
                  style="font-size:11pt" face="Calibri, sans-serif"
                  color="#000000"><b>From:</b> Andrew J. Pounds
                  <a class="x_x_moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
                    href="mailto:pounds_aj@mercer.edu"
                    moz-do-not-send="true"><pounds_aj@mercer.edu></a><br>
                  <b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, January 25, 2022 11:29 AM<br>
                  <br>
                  <b>Subject:</b> Re: CHM 311 HW #3 Questions</font>
                <div> </div>
              </div>
              <div>
                <div class="x_x_x_moz-cite-prefix">The work looks
                  reasonable, but you may want to check out the value of
                  the constant pressure specific heat capacity for
                  oxygen.  I have that as 29.39 J/mol.K</div>
                <div class="x_x_x_moz-cite-prefix"><br>
                </div>
                <div class="x_x_x_moz-cite-prefix">See if that fixes
                  things...<br>
                </div>
                <div class="x_x_x_moz-cite-prefix"><br>
                </div>
                <div class="x_x_x_moz-cite-prefix"><br>
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                    Dr. Pounds,</div>
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                    <br>
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                    Thank you for pointing those things out. I took
                    another look at the homework and was able to
                    understand / answer part 7b correctly. </div>
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                    <br>
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                    In addition, I realized (per your suggestion) that
                    the temperature units should be Kelvin (absolute)
                    and that my integrations were originally incorrect.
                    However, despite having made these corrections, 
                    Mastering still marks part 6b incorrect. I believe
                    there is a minor issue that I'm not catching, but
                    I'm not sure what it is. </div>
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                    <br>
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                  <div
                    style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
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                    Could you take another look at my revised work for
                    part 6b and let me know what my error(s) is?</div>
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                    <br>
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                    Thank you,
                    <div>Jonathan</div>
                  </div>
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                    <br>
                  </div>
                  <hr tabindex="-1" style="display:inline-block;
                    width:98%">
                  <div id="x_x_x_divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font
                      style="font-size:11pt" face="Calibri, sans-serif"
                      color="#000000"><b>From:</b> Andrew J. Pounds
                      <a class="x_x_x_moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
                        href="mailto:pounds_aj@mercer.edu"
                        moz-do-not-send="true"><pounds_aj@mercer.edu></a><br>
                      <b>Sent:</b> Monday, January 24, 2022 3:19 PM<br>
                      <br>
                      <b>Subject:</b> Re: CHM 311 HW #3 Questions</font>
                    <div> </div>
                  </div>
                  <div>
                    <div class="x_x_x_x_moz-cite-prefix"><br>
                    </div>
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                        Dr. Pounds,</div>
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                        <br>
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                        I have finished working all of the problems on
                        HW 3 except for 6b and 7b. Before sending you an
                        email, I tried searching for similar problems in
                        the textbook but was unable to find any.</div>
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                        <br>
                      </div>
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                        For 6b, I used the formula we discussed in class
                        today (please see the attached document), but I
                        might have interpreted it incorrectly. Could you
                        take a look at my work and let me know where I
                        made my mistake(s)?</div>
                      <div
                        style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
                        font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
                        <br>
                      </div>
                    </blockquote>
                    <p>What temperature units should you be using?</p>
                    <p><br>
                    </p>
                    <blockquote type="cite">
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                        For 7b, I attempted to use the equation we used
                        in class today (equation 3.30) for finding ΔG at
                        non-standard conditions; however, it appears to
                        only be valid when there is a change in
                        temperature. Since the reaction in exercise 7b
                        takes place at the same standard temperature but
                        at a different pressure, how does this <span
                          style="color:rgb(0,0,0);
                          font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
                          font-size:12pt">change Equation 3.30 - or is
                          there another equation that should be used?</span></div>
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                        font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
                        <br>
                      </div>
                    </blockquote>
                    <p>To calculate the change on the Gibbs free energy
                      as a function of pressure you will need to use
                      equations from page 78 of the text.  Since the
                      acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide are both products
                      in the reaction, they will appear in the numerator
                      of the law of mass action (which we will start
                      covering later this week).</p>
                    <p><br>
                    </p>
                    <blockquote type="cite">
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                        Thank you,</div>
                      <div
                        style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
                        font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
                        <br>
                      </div>
                    </blockquote>
                    <p><br>
                    </p>
                    <div class="x_x_x_x_moz-signature">-- <br>
                      <b>Andrew J. Pounds, Ph.D.</b><br>
                      <i>Professor of Chemistry and Computer Science</i><br>
                      <i>Director of the Computational Science Program</i><br>
                      <i>Mercer University, Macon, GA, 31207 (478)
                        301-5627 </i></div>
                  </div>
                </blockquote>
                <p><br>
                </p>
                <div class="x_x_x_moz-signature">-- <br>
                  <b><i>Andrew J. Pounds, Ph.D.</i></b><br>
                  <i>Professor of Chemistry and Computer Science</i><br>
                  <i>Director of the Computational Science Program</i><br>
                  <i>Mercer University, Macon, GA 31207 (478) 301-5627</i></div>
              </div>
            </blockquote>
            <p><br>
            </p>
            <div class="x_x_moz-signature">-- <br>
              <b><i>Andrew J. Pounds, Ph.D.</i></b><br>
              <i>Professor of Chemistry and Computer Science</i><br>
              <i>Director of the Computational Science Program</i><br>
              <i>Mercer University, Macon, GA 31207 (478) 301-5627</i></div>
          </div>
        </blockquote>
        <p><br>
        </p>
        <div class="x_moz-signature">-- <br>
          <b><i>Andrew J. Pounds, Ph.D.</i></b><br>
          <i>Professor of Chemistry and Computer Science</i><br>
          <i>Director of the Computational Science Program</i><br>
          <i>Mercer University, Macon, GA 31207 (478) 301-5627</i></div>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    <p><br>
    </p>
    <div class="moz-signature">-- <br>
      <b><i>Andrew J. Pounds, Ph.D.</i></b><br>
      <i>Professor of Chemistry and Computer Science</i><br>
      <i>Director of the Computational Science Program</i><br>
      <i>Mercer University, Macon, GA 31207 (478) 301-5627</i></div>
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